Promoting the Mental Health of Healthcare Workers during COVID19 Pandemic
the influence of psychosomatic problems (work-related stress), social support, fear of COVID-19 and demographics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48132/hdbr.355Keywords:
Sustenance, healthcare, influence, mental health, Covid-19Abstract
This paper examines the influence of work-related stress, social support, fear of COVID-19, and demographics in promoting mental health (MH) amongst healthcare workers (HCWs) in Nigeria. Hence, it adopted a survey research design. The results showed that work-related stress, social support, fear of COVID-19, and demographics strongly and jointly influence healthcare workers’ mental health in Nigeria. Also, they indicated a significant independent influence of these independent factors on healthcare workers’ mental health. The results show that out of the demographics considered in this study (such as gender, age, marital status, level of education, profession, department, work experience, and state of residence), only marital status did not significantly influence the healthcare workers’ mental health in Nigeria. So, the government, health faculties, clinical psychologists, human resources managers, and medical practitioners should encourage reducing work-related stress. This should be done by increasing social support, reducing fear of COVID-19, and considering demographics while trying to promote healthcare workers’ mental health in Nigeria, especially during the current COVID -19 pandemic era. Thus, this paper has recognized work-related stress, social support, fear of COVID-19, and demographics as significant influencers in promoting mental health amongst healthcare workers in Nigeria.
Downloads
References
Adamczyk, K., & Segrin, C. (2015). Perceived social support and mental health among single vs. partnered polish young adults. Current Psychology, 34(1), 82-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-014-9242-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-014-9242-5
Badahdah, A. M., Khamis, F., & Al Mahyijari, N. (2020). The psychological well-being of physicians during the COVID-19 outbreak in Oman. Psychiatry Research, 289, 113053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113053. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113053
Bai, Y., Lin, C., Lin, C., Chen, J., Chue, C., & Chou, P. (2004). Survey of stress reactions among health care workers involved with the SARS outbreak. Psychiatric Services, 55(9), 1055-1057. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.55.9.1055. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.55.9.1055
Barry, M., Al Amri, M., & Memish, Z. A. (2020). COVID-19 in the shadows of MERS-CoV in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health, 10(1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.200218.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.200218.003
Cai, J., Xu, J., Lin, D., Xu, L., Qu, Z., Zhang, Y., Ge, Y. (2020). A case series of children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection: Clinical and epidemiological features. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71(6):1547-1551. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa198
Chakraborty, N. (2020). The COVID‐19 pandemic and its impact on mental health. Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry, 24(2), 21-24. https://doi.org/10.1002/pnp.666. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pnp.666
Drapeau, J., Rossano, M., Touraud, D., Obermayr, U., Geier, M., Rose, A., & Kunz, W. (2011). Green synthesis of para-menthane-3, 8-diol from eucalyptus citriodora: Application for repellent products. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 14(7-8), 629-635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2011.02.008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2011.02.008
Etheridge, Ben; Spantig, Lisa (2020): The gender gap in mental well-being during the Covid-19 outbreak: Evidence from the UK, ISER Working Paper Series, No. 2020-08, University of Essex, Institute for Social and Economic Research (ISER), Colchester.
Huang, J., Liu, F., Teng, Z., Chen, J., Zhao, J., Wang, X., Wu, R. (2020). Public behavior change, perceptions, depression, and anxiety concerning the COVID-19 outbreak. Paper presented at the Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 7(8) ofaa273. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa273
Kang, L., Ma, S., Chen, M., Yang, J., Wang, Y., Li, R., Yang, B. X. (2020). Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 7:11-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028
Kent de Grey, Robert G, Uchino, B. N., Trettevik, R., Cronan, S., & Hogan, J. N. (2018). Social support and sleep: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology, 37(8), 787. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000628. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000628
Kocalevent, R., Hinz, A., & Brähler, E. (2013). Standardization of the depression screener patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population. General Hospital Psychiatry, 35(5), 551-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.04.006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2013.04.006
Kontoangelos, K., Economou, M., & Papageorgiou, C. (2020). Mental health effects of COVID-19 pandemic: A review of clinical and psychological traits. Psychiatry Investigation, 17(6), 491-505. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0161
Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Li, R. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease in 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), e203976-e203976. https://doi.org/ 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
Lee, S. M., Kang, W. S., Cho, A., Kim, T., & Park, J. K. (2018). The psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 87, 123-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.10.003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.10.003
Liang, W., Guan, W., Chen, R., Wang, W., Li, J., Xu, K., He, J. (2020). Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A nationwide analysis in china. The Lancet Oncology, 21(3), 335-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30096-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30096-6
Löwe, B., Decker, O., Müller, S., Brähler, E., Schellberg, D., Herzog, W., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2008). Validation and standardization of the generalized anxiety disorder screener (GAD-7) in the general population. Medical Care, 266-274. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e318160d093. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e318160d093
Mihashi, M., Otsubo, Y., Yinjuan, X., Nagatomi, K., Hoshiko, M., & Ishitake, T. (2009). Predictive factors of psychological disorder development during recovery following the SARS outbreak. Health Psychology, 28(1), 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013674. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013674
Monterrosa-Castro, A., Redondo-Mendoza, V., & Mercado-Lara, M. (2020). Psychosocial factors associated with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in general practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Investigative Medicine: The Official Publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research, 68(7):1228-1234. https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2020-001456. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jim-2020-001456
Morin, C. M., Belleville, G., Bélanger, L., & Ivers, H. (2011). The insomnia severity index: Psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response. Sleep, 34(5), 601-608. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/34.5.601. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/34.5.601
Ogunwale, A., Majekodunmi, O., Ajayi, S., & Abdulmalik, J. (2020). Forensic mental health service implications of COVID-19 infection in Nigeria. Forensic Science International: Mind and Law, 1, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiml.2020.100026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsiml.2020.100026
Oyeniran, O. I., & Chia, T. (2020). Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Nigeria: How effective are government interventions? Ethics, Medicine and Public Health, 14, 100515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100515. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemep.2020.100515
Panagioti, M., Geraghty, K., Johnson, J., Zhou, A., Panagopoulou, E., Chew-Graham, C., Esmail, A. (2018). Association between physician burnout and patient safety, professionalism, and patient satisfaction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine, 178(10), 1317-1331. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.3713. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.3713
Prati, G., & Pietrantoni, L. (2010). The relation of perceived and received social support to mental health among first responders: A meta‐analytic review. Journal of Community Psychology, 38(3), 403-417. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20371
Rodríguez-Rey, R., Garrido-Hernansaiz, H., & Collado, S. (2020). Psychological impact and associated factors during the initial stage of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic among the general population in Spain. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1540. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01540. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01540
Tam, C. W., Pang, E. P., Lam, L. C., & Chiu, H. F. (2004). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong in 2003: Stress and psychological impact among frontline healthcare workers. Psychological Medicine, 34(7), 1197. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291704002247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291704002247
Temsah, M., Al-Sohime, F., Alamro, N., Al-Eyadhy, A., Al-Hasan, K., Jamal, A., Barry, M. (2020). The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in a MERS-CoV endemic country. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13(6):877-882. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.05.021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.05.021
Thomas, P. A., Liu, H., & Umberson, D. (2017). Family relationships and well-being. Innovation in Aging, 1(3), igx025. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igx025
Wang, C. (2020). Pan R wan X, tan Y, xu L, ho CS, et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(5):1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
Weiss, D. S. (2007). The impact of event scale: Revised. Cross-cultural assessment of psychological trauma and PTSD (pp. 219-238) Springer. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70990-1_10
Wilson, N., Baker, M., Crampton, P., & Mansoor, O. (2005). The potential impact of the next influenza pandemic on a national primary care medical workforce. Human Resources for Health, 3(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-3-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-4491-3-7
World Health Organization. (2020). Laboratory Testing for Coronavirus Disease ( COVID-19) in Suspected Human Cases: Interim Guidance, March 19, 2020. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/331501
Wu, K. K., Chan, S. K., & Ma, T. M. (2005). Posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression in survivors of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Journal of Traumatic Stress: Official Publication of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies, 18(1), 39-42. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20004
Wu, P., Fang, Y., Guan, Z., Fan, B., Kong, J., Yao, Z., Lu, J. (2009). The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in china: Exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(5), 302-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400504
Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020). Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: Summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese center for disease control and prevention. Jama, 323(13), 1239-1242. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.2648
Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S., & Yang, N. (2020). The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in January and February 2020 in china. Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 26, e923549. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923549. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923549
Yang, N., Xiao, H., Cao, Y., Li, S., Yan, H., & Wang, Y. (2018). Influence of oncology nurses’ empathy on lung cancer patients’ cellular immunity. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 11, 279-287. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S168649. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S168649
Yang, N., Xiao, H., Wang, W., Li, S., Yan, H., & Wang, Y. (2018). Effects of doctors’ empathy abilities on the cellular immunity of patients with advanced prostate cancer treated by orchiectomy: The mediating role of patients’ stigma, self-efficacy, and anxiety. Patient Preference and Adherence, 12, 1305-1314. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S166460. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S166460
Zhang, W. R., Wang, K., Yin, L., Zhao, W. F., Xue, Q., Peng, M., Wang, H. X. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in china. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 89(4), 242-250. https://doi.org/10.1159/000507639. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000507639
Zimet, G. D., Dahlem, N. W., Zimet, S. G., & Farley, G. K. (1988). The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment, 52(1), 30-41. https://doi.org/ 10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The authors must be able to transfer to UNIE Busines Research the rights to publish the articles. It is the responsibility of the authors to obtain the necessary permissions for the images that are covered by copyright.
Authors conserve the copyright to their own works. Contributions to Publicaciones UNIE Busines Research are covered by a CC-BY (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License) license, which grants open access rights to society. Specifically, the CC-BY license permits any type of use, distribution and changes based on the article, as long as the author and original source are properly acknowledged.
